简介：上海交通大学硕士学位论文清代畴人之探索姓名李巍申请学位级别硕士专业科学史与科学社会学指导教师江晓原20090201IIEXPLATIONONCHOURENINQINGDYNASTYABSTRACTSTIMULATEDBYTHEOPENINTELLECTUALCLIMATEOFTHELATEMING13681644EARLYQING16441911WITHTHEJESUITSINTRODUCTIONTOCHINAOFWESTERNCOSMOLOGICALTHEIESCOMPUTATIONALMETHODSNEWINTERESTSESPECIALLYINASTRONOMYMATHEMATICSLEDTOAREDISCOVERYREEXAMINATIONOFEARLIERINDIGENOUSSCIENTIFICTHOUGHTTOKNOWMEABOUTPRACTITIONERSOFSCIENCEINCHINAOFTHATPERIODCANHELPUSTOUNDERSTTHEREDISCOVERYREEXAMINATIONBETTERTHISPAPEROFCHINESESCIENCEISBASEDONASTUDYOFTHELATEEIGHTEENTHCENTURYTEXTBYRUANYUAN“BIOGRAPHIESOFMATHEMATICALSCIENTISTS”CHOURENZHUANITSLATERSUPPLEMENTSEXACTLYTHEMATHEMATICALSCIENTISTSDURINGTHEQINGPERIODFTHEPURPOSESOFTHEPRESENTSTUDYOURINTERESTISNOTCONFINEDTOTHEGREATMENOFSCIENCETHEPATHBREAKERSSEMINALFIGURESALONEBUTEXTENDSTOTHEMARGINALMENOFSCIENCEASWELLASTHESAMETIMESOCIOLOGICALCONCEPTIONSSTATISTICALMETHODSWILLCOMEHERETOHELPUSTODESCRIBEEXPLAINTHESTRUCTUREOFCHOURENTHESOCIALIGINSBACKGROUNDREGIONAL

简介：华东师范大学硕士学位论文关尹子研究姓名戚淑娟申请学位级别硕士专业古典文献学指导教师周瀚光20040101摘要本论文研究的是关尹子一书。关尹子相传是春秋战国时人尹喜所作。尹喜，据史记老子列传记载是函谷关令，老手去周过关，尹喜曾邀他写下五千言文。史记不载尹喜也曾写书，汉书艺文志中记载有关尹子九篇。汉志所记关尹子是尹喜自作还是汉初人所依托，现已不可知。汉志之后的隋志、唐书艺文志及宋初目录都不载此书，至陈振孙直斋书录解题才有之。本论文研究的就是今本芙尹子。研究方向从考证其成书年代，到考述其版本，再概括提炼其内容思想，摄后对整本书给出一个客观系统的评价。内容共分五部分，概述如下第一章考证关尹子成书年代。关尹子成书年代目前学术界没有定说，有成于南北朝说，有成于隋唐五代说，还有成于南宋孝宗说。笔者在搜罗相关资料的基础上，认为南宋说较为合理。余嘉锡四库提要辨证中有认为成书于孝宗时。在本章，本论文将会给山较为详细的考证及合理的推测。第一二章关尹子一书的版本。关尹子版本从刊刻时代来说，有宋刻、元刻、明刻从版本类型来说，有刻本、抄本、影印本；从版本内容特点来说，有白文无注本、批校本、舣行夹注本；我们现在能见到的有白文无注本关尹子又名文始真经、无上妙道文始真经、陈显微注本关尹子注又名文始真经言外经旨、文始真经言外旨；牛道淳文始真经注EY名文始真经直解；杜道坚关尹子阐玄；笔者在第二章对以上诸本将会给出详细阐述。第三章关尹子内容。关尹子共九篇一宇，二柱，三极，四符，五鉴，六匕，七釜，八筹九药。宇者道也；柱者，建天地也；极者，尊圣人也；符者，精神魂魄也；鉴者，心也；匕者，形也；釜者，化也；筹者，物也；药者，杂治也。本章将分述各篇内容，力求使关尹子一书得以完整呈现。第四章关尹子思想。关尹子一书的思想可谓驳杂，来王夷在陈显微注本序中说此仕乃是“三教合一”，言之有理。书中确实融合了儒、释、道三家思想，笔者的研究角度则是从文中概括出相关哲学命题进行阐述。比如道与气、情识论、天人观、生死论、圣人观等等。除此，文中还论及到一些科学方面的知识，比如物理学中的大气压实验、热学知识等。本章对此都会有所阐述。第五章评价关尹子一书。关尹子是伪书，历来研究对其辨伪工作作的较多，这其中有褒也有贬。在本章，笔者除有所引用辨伪方面的研究成果外，同时重在揭示书中所体现的现代意义，力求对关尹子作出较为客观的评价。关键词芙尹子、文始真经、版本、道藏、思想、内容、评价

简介：郑硕士学位授予堕位代码学号或申请号餮级堂论文硷文题目穆青新闻舆沦引导思想研究作者姓名李火良学科门类文学擎、LK名称新闻学导师姓名、职称董』一安教授二零零六年五月LU45903310378ABSTRACTMRMUQING，ANOUTSTANDINGLEADERINCHINESEJOURNALISMANDPROPAGANDAFRONT一1INE，ALWAYSKEEPSCLOSETOUCHWITHTHEPRACTICEOFSOCIALISTJOURNALISMANDPROPAGANDABOTHDURINGTHEPERIODOFREV01UTIONANDINTHETIMEOFPEACEANDCONSTRUCTIONISINCELONGAGO，FROMXINHUANEWSAGENCYSHANGHAIBRANCHORGANIZATIONHEAD，XINHUANEWSAGENCYCOUNTRYINTERIORDIRECTOR，VICEPRESIDENT，EDITORINCHIEF，THEORGANIZATIONHEAD，MUQINGH01DSTHEPOSTOFXINHUANEWSAGENCYCONTINUOUSLYTHELEADERSHIPDUTYASAPARTY’SJOURNALISMLEADER，MUQINGNOTONLYPERSONALLYSETSANEX硼PLE，MAKESTHEMODELTOMANIFESTITSNEWSPUBLICOPINIONGUIDANCETHOUGHTBYTHEPRACTICALACTIONTHEVALUEANDTHESIGNIFICANCE，HOWMOREOVERTOGUIDESTHEPUBLICOPINIONALSOTOHAVEMANYPENETRATINGELABORATIONTHETHESISMAKESADISCUSSIONANDANALYSISONMU’STHOUGHTSONMEDIAGUIDINGBASEDONHISPRACTICEANDEXPOSITIONTHEMAINCONTENTSOFTHETHESISINCLUDEFIVEPARTSASTHEFOLLOWINGBASEDONTHEACADEMICPRINCIPLEOFTHEORIESDERIVINGFROMPRACTICE”，EXPLORINGANDCONCLUDINGMU’SPRACTICEONMEDIAGUIDING哪AKINGACOMPLETECONCLUSIONONMU’SMAINVIEWPOINTSONMEDIAGUIDINGASWELLASANALYZINGANDEXPOUNDINGSPECIFICCONTENTSOFTHEVIEWPOINTSELABORATINGTHECONTRIBUTIONOFMU’STHOUGHTSTOMAXISTTHOUGHTSONJOURNALISMDISCUSSINGPRELIMINARILYTHECHARACTERISTICOFTIMESANDTHEORIESCONTAINEDINMRMU’STHOUGHTSACKNOWLEDGINGTHESIGNIFICANCEOFMU’STHOUGHTSINGUIDINGREFORMANDDEVELOPMENTINTHEFIELDCHINA’SJOURNALISMANDPROPAGANDAKEYORDIBQINGJOURNALISMMEDIAGUIDINGTHOUGHTS2

简介：浙江大学硕士学位论文论近代型博物馆的合法性姓名徐宝敏申请学位级别硕士专业世界史指导教师严建强20060501浙江人学顾I学位论文论近代型博物馆的台法性ONTHELEGITIMACYOFNEUZEITTYPEMUSEUMBYEXAMPLESOFWESTEUROPEABSTRACTTHEPHOENIXLIKEMUSEUMREOWNEDITSLIFEINTHEFIREOFRENAISSANCETHISREVIVEDHELLENISTICINSTITUTION，WRAPPEDWITHASCIENTIFICANDDEMOCRATICCOAT，LEDTOAHOTDISCUSSIONABOUTITSMODEMITYMYCONTRIBUTIONISTOESTIMATETHEEFFECTS，BOTHPRODUCTIVELYANDNEGATIVELY，DURINGTHEMUSEUMSINTHEFORMATIONOFMODEMWORLDUSINGTHETHEORYOFTHEFRANKFORTSCHOOLANDRELATIVISTICPHILOSOPHYISHOWPEOPLETHEEARLYMUSEUMSHADBEENACTEDASPARTOFSIATEMACHINEINCONTROLLINGTHEPUBLICANDDAMAGINGTHEINTEGRALITYOFCULTURALRELICSICALLSUCHMUSEUMSTHENEUZEITTYPEMUSEUMS，ANDPOSEASHARPLYCRITICISMONITSVALIDITYINTHEENDOFTHETHESIS，ISUGGESTTOCONSTRUCTAKINDOFPOSTMODEMMUSEUMINCURINGTHEFORMERTYPE，ANDBRINGOUTASKETCHOFITSBEAUTIFULTOMORROWIHOPEMYTHEORETICPURSUITWILLMOREORLESSBENEFITTHEPRACTICEOFCURRENTMUSEUMMANAGEMENTANDCONSTRUCTIONKEYWORDSTHENEUZEITTYPEMUSEUM，LEGITIMACYPOSTMODERNISM2

简介：西北师范大学硕士学位论文两汉之际河西窦融保据政权研究姓名武鑫申请学位级别硕士专业历史文献学指导教师张德芳200906ABSTRACTPROFITEDGREATLYFROMTHEPREVIOUSSTUDIESCONDUCTEDBYTHEEXPERTSSCHOLARSINTHISFIELDBASEDONMAINLYTHEDOCUMENTSHEDDOWNFROMTHEANCIENTTIMESTOGETHERWITHTHESTHEPRESENTSTUDYEXPLESTHEISSUESREGARDINGINTHEHEXIREGIONDURINGTHEPERIODOFDOURONG’SPOSSESSIONPROTECTIONTHISTHESISCONSISTSOFFOURPARTSOFWHICHTHEFIRSTPARTMAKESANINTRODUCTIONTOTHERESEARCHBACKGROUNDRESEARCHRATIONALERESEARCHSIGNIFICANCEITALSOCONDUCTSANREVIEWONTHEPREVIOUSSTUDIESRELATEDGIVESDEFINITIONSTOTHECONCEPTSTOTHETIMESOFTHEWOODENSCONCERNINGINTHESECONDPARTADISCUSSIONONTHEPOLITICALECONOMICSOCIALSITUATIONSOFHEXIREGIONATTHETIMEBEFEDOURONG’SPOSSESSIONPROTECTIONISFIRSTLYMADEFOLLOWEDBYANEXAMINATIONONTHEENFCEMENTOFWANGMANGRESTRUCTUREINTHEHEXIREGIONINCLUDINGTHEISSUESOFTHEREFMONMOARYSYSTEMTHEPAYINGOFTHEWAGESTHECONDITIONSOFMILITARYADMINISTRATIONTHETHIRDPARTEXPOUNDSTHEMANAGEMENTOFTHEHEXIREGIONDURINGTHEPERIODOFDOURONG’SPOSSESSIONPROTECTIONBYFOCUSINGONTHEMEASURESADOPTEDINTHEPOLITICSECONOMYMILITARYLAWTHEFOURTHPARTDEALSWITHTHEHISTICALFEATSOFDOURONG’SPOSSESSIONPROTECTIONOFTHEHEXIREGIONWITHANINTRODUCTIONTOTHEFULLSTYOFDOURONG’SPOSSESSIONPROTECTIONOFTHEHEXIREGIONHISCONTRIBUTIONSTHEPRESENTTHESISDRAWSTHEFOLLOWINGCONCLUSIONDOURONGHISADMINISTRATIONOFPOSSESSIONPROTECTIONHADMADETHEFARREACHINGSIGNIFICANCEINTHEHISTYOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHEXIREGIONITNOTONLYACCUMULATEDTHEPREVIOUSEXCELLENTACHIEVEMENTSINTHEHISTYDEVELOPMENTSOFHEXIREGIONBUTALSOPROVIDEDFUELFTHEAFTERWARDSHISTICALPROGRESSOFITTHUSPOSSESSINGARATHERIMPTANTPOSITIONKEYWDSBETWEENXIHANDYNASTYDONGHANDYNASTYDOURONGHEXIREGIONTHEADMINISTRATIONOFPOSSESSIONPROTECTIONIII

简介：河南师范大学硕士学位论文牟子校注姓名罗艳娟申请学位级别硕士专业汉语言文字学指导教师李波20080401ABSTRACTMOUZIWHICHISALSOKNOWN弱THEMOU73JUSTIFIEDPERPLEXITIESTHEORYANDJUSTIFIEDPERPLEXITIESTHEORYISTHEIMPORTANTBUDDHISTBOOKINBEGINNINGOFTHEBUDDHISTSPREADINGTOCHINATHEBOOKINCLUDES37CHAPTERS，PREFACEANDPOSTSCRIPTTHEAUTHOREXPOUNDSTHECONTENTSBASEDONTHEFORMOFQUESTIONSANDANSWERSTHEASKERSPUTFORWARDALLKINDSOFQUESTIONSANDACCUSATIONSABOUTBUDDHISMMOUZIQUOTESTHECLASSICSANDUS销CONFUCIANANDTAOISTDOCTRINESTOANSWERONEBYONE，地I，I】【LGTECONCILETHEKINDSOFDOUBTSANDP啦匠EDWHICHHASBROUGHTTOPEOPLEBYBUDDHISMTHEQUESTIONSASKEDBYPEOPLEREPRESENTPEOPLE’SVIEWSANDCONFUSIONSONBUDDHISMATTHATTIMEMOUZI’SANSWORSREPRESENTBUDDHIST’S硼DE删M笋OFBUDDHISMTEACL【1ILLGMOU乃ISRICHINCONTENTINCLUDINGCONFUCIANISMTAOISMBUDDHISMANDTHEINTERESTINGIDIOMSTORYTHISBOOK’SLANGUAGEHASHUMOROUSANDSPECULATIVECOLORITISABLETOREFLECTTHEENDOFTHEE鹤TEMHANDYNASTYOFPEOPLE’SSPOKENLANGUAGEFEATURESTHEREFORE，MOU73ISTHEIMPORTANTINFORMATIONFORTHEBEGILLILINGOFUNDERSTANDINGBUDDHISM’SDEVELOPMENTINCHINAANDITALSOHASHIGHRESEARCHVALUEFORTHEENTIREHISTORYOFLINGUISTICSHUYINGLINFTRSTLYPROPOSEDTHISBOOKISFALSEANDPOINTEDOUTTHATTHEAUTHORWASNOTMOURONGINHISSIBUZHENGWE￡SUNXINGYANINCLUDEDMOUZIINPINGJINMUSEUMSERIESANDLETHISSTUDENTHUNGYIXUANTESTTHEAUTHOROFTHEBOOKSINCETHENLIANGQICHAO，HUSHI，ZHOUSHUJATANGYONGTONGLVCHENGCHENYUANALSODEBATEDTHISISSUEFOREIGNSCHOLARS，JAPANSFUKUIKANGSHUNCHANGPANDADINGANDNETHERLANDS’SSCHOLARSALSODEBATEDITSCOMENTTHEAUTHENTICITYOFTHEBOOKNOWADAYS，MANYACADEMICPAPERSALSESEARCHTHEBOOKBUTGENERALLYNOTBEYONDBEFORESUPERCONTROVERSIALAREAS。AFTERLENGTHYDEBATE，ACADEMIAGENERALLYREGARDSTHISBOOKBEINGCOMPLETEDTHEENDOFTHEEASTELTLHANDYNASTY9ANDTHECONTENTSARENOTFORGEDBYPOSTERITYBUTTHEREISNOUNIFIEDUNDERSTANDINGABOUTWHOISTHEAUTHOROFTHEBOOKTHESEPROBLEMS，OURPREDECESSORSHAVEMOREDETAILEDEXPOSITIONHERE，WEONLYSYSTEMATICALLYIN仃ODUCETHERESULTSOFPREVIOUSSTUDIES，ANDDON’THAVESYSTEMATICALVERIFICATIONSENGYOUSWORKSHONGMINGSETFIRSTLYCOLLECTEDTHEFULLTEXTOFMOU73THEVERSIONSOFHONGMINGSETARETHEVERSIONSOFOURPAPERSACCORDINGTOTHEAVAILABLEINFORMATIONWETHINKTHATTHEVERSIONOF”FOUROFTHESERIES”ISTHEBES￡SOWEREGARDTHE”FOUROFTHESERIES“ASTHEE凇CT’ANDREGARDS／KU姗SHUSIBUBEIYAODAZHENGZANGJINGASTHECOLLATIONOFINFORMATIONTHECLASSICWHICHISINVOLVEDINTHISBOOKWECHOCKTHMONEBYONETOENSURETHEACCURACYOFPUNCTUATIONONTHEBASISOFTHENOTESOFⅢ

简介：四川大学硕士学位论文宋代新编童蒙读物初探姓名潘伟娜申请学位级别硕士专业中国古代史指导教师粟品孝20050101PRIMARYSTUDYONCHILDREN’SPRIMEREDITEDINSONGDYNASTYMAJORHISTORYOFPOSTGRADUATEPANWEINASONGDYNASTYSUPERVISORSUPINXIAOEDITOFCHILDREN’SPRIMERWASBOOMINGINTHESONGDYNASTYDURINGTHATPERIODTHEIRQUANTITYANDQUALITYWEREIMPROVEDREMARKABLYANDSOMEPRIMERSHAVEGREATINFLUENCESUCHAS“SANZI1ING”，’BAIJIAXING”WHICHATEWELLKNOWNFORTHEPEOPLEPICKINGUPCHILDREN’SPRIMEREDITEDINTHESONGDYNASTYFROMMANYANCIENTBOOKSANDANALYZINGTHOSEBASEDONCLASSIFICATION，THEAUTHORTRIESTOSUMMARIZEIT’SGENERALSITUATIONINTHISPAPERTHEINTRODUCTIONISTHEFIRSTPARTOFTHISPAPERWHICHINCLUDESTHESIGNIFICANCEOFTHERESEARCHOFCHILDREN’SPRIMERTHEN，THECURRENTACTUALITYRESEARCHOFCHILDRENSPRIMERINSONGDYNASTYISDISCUSSED，ANDTHECHILDREN’SPRIMERBEFORETHESONGDYNASTYAREGENERALIZEDTOOTHENTHECHILDREN’SPRIMEREDITEDINTHESONGDYNASTYARECLASSIFIEDINTOTHETYPEOFETHICMORAL，THETYPEOFHISTORYKNOWLEDGE，THETYPEOFLEARNINGTHINGS，THETYPEOFLEARNINGWORDS，THETYPEOFPOETRYANDTHETYPEOFSYNTHESISALLTHESETYPES』AREDISCUSSEDANDANALYSEDESPECIALLY，THREEREPRESENTATIVEBOOKS，“TONGMENGXUN”，“SHIQISHIMENGQIU”AND“MINGWUMENGQM”AREDISCUSSEDANDANALYSEDINDETAILFINALLY，FIVECHARACTERISTICSOFCHILDREN’SPRIMEREDITEDINTHESONGDYNASTYARESUMMARIZEDKEYWORDSTHESONGDYNASTYCHILDRENSPRIMERS，ENLIGHTENINGEDUCATIONFORCHILDREN

简介：鲁东大学硕士学位论文蒋梦麟中西文化观论析姓名赵国健申请学位级别硕士专业专门史指导教师赵慧峰20070601鲁东大学硕士学位论文提升本国文化，探求中国自强之路方面提供一些有益的借鉴。此外，鉴于目前学界对蒋梦麟研究的淡漠，笔者也想做些筚路蓝缕之功。在论文写作过程中，笔者力求以辩证唯物主义作为理论指导，对蒋梦麟做一分为二的评价。作为资产阶级自由主义者，蒋梦麟的思想局限也是显而易见的，如对马克思主义、对唯物主义的误解与批判等。但总括而论，蒋梦麟还是属于为“天地立心”、为。生民立命”、为。万世开太平”的有理想、有良知的学者。关键词蒋梦麟；中西文化观；文化思想

简介：分类号G2561密级学号■硕士学位论文题目从文苑英华中唐诗的选录看宋初文人的选学观作者朱立挺指导教师杨恩成教授学科专韭主垦查整童然望提交EL期二00六年四月总兵戚继光等人主持修订成书。但修订及雕版印刷仅一年时间，其中讹误一定不少。现在刊行的是中华书局1966年的版本。第三节中论述了对文苑英华的研究现状，列举了诸如彭叔夏、洪迈、劳格等古人及今人凌朝栋的背景及其所作的研究，认为以前的研究是非常重要的，对今人研究有很大的帮助，但还是存在一些问题，还是有～些谬误和主观因素在其中，为今后的研究留有很大的空间。第四节中，论述了文苑英华中唐人诗歌产生的背景和分类方法，简要概括了唐诗的价值，它具有创新性和承上启下的作用，是中国文学史上最辉煌的一段。第二章论述了文苑英华在文学史上的价值。通过对其文献价值的分析，肯定了这部大书在保存文献方面的重要作用。历经唐末与五代十国的社会动荡和硝烟战火，能将古人的大量的诗、歌、文、赋等文学作品以及大量的诏、诰、判等公文整理、保存的如此齐全，对后世的选用及研究都有极大的帮助。文苑英华中选录的诗歌的文学价值更是自有公论。本文通过对诗歌作者背景的介绍，分析了当时的社会因素、政治因素和文化因素对诗歌产生的影响，联系诗歌本身，认为文苑英华中诗歌部分，是宋代第一部唐诗选集。当时距离唐朝灭亡才76年，很多唐人诗集还没有多少散佚，因此书中选录的资料基本保持完整，是研究唐诗的第一手材料。第三章是本论文的重点，主要论述了宋初文人的选学观。在分析了宋初的社会、政治、经济、军事背景后，又分析了太平御览、太平广记和册府元龟成书的原因、成就及对后世的影响。通过对宋初“白派”、“晚唐派”、“西昆体”及“欧阳修诗文改革”的背景介绍，联系作者及诗歌来分析当时这些流派形成的原因，认为宋初经过“白体”、“晚唐体”和“西昆体”的演进，通过以欧阳修为首的文学集团的努力，北宋中叶的这一场文学变革终于获得成功，并由此主要在诗、文两方面确立了宋代文学的基本风格。这当然很难加以简单的概括，从大的方面来说，以诗而言，情感的力度减弱，所反映的心理状态比较平衡，相应地色彩和意象都比较疏淡，而对事物观察和体验比前人更细腻，总体上带有重理智的特点，特别在古体诗中，散文化的叙述和说理成分往往占很大比例。在本章中的第三节，通过对北宋初期统治者治国方针和对待文化及文人的态度，联系编纂者个人的经历和他们对诗歌的评论来分析当时文人的选学观，是由浪漫向现实的转化，由抒情向义理转化。一方面是教化功能，就算是诗歌的载体被破坏了，只要诗歌本身的内容起到了教化作用，也能流传后世。另一方面，诗歌应由心发，要随意自然，要有情有理。诗歌如果不是真情的流露，内容就会空洞。如果没有理，就起不到教化作用，流传也不会广泛。第四章主要论述的是文苑英华对后世的影响。通过对所选录的作者和作II

简介：学校代码10200分类号G256④东北峄茳大莩硕士学位论文研究生学号密级2053203005世本研究及作篇名物释证THERESEARCHOFTHEORIGINOFTHEWORLDANDTHEEXPLAINOFINSTRUMENTSOFTHESECTIONSOFCREATION作者原昊指导教师学科专业研究方向学位类型曹书杰教授中国古典文献学先秦文献学历硕士东北师范大学学位评定委员会2006年5月ABSTRACTTHECI，堙咖DRTHEWOR腽RECORDSMAINLYABOUTTHEEMPERORSINANCIENTTIMESANDTHEPEERS’BIOGRAPHYWHICHISVERYIMPORTANTANDAUTHENTICITNOTONLYRECORDSTHEIRACTIVITYINEVERYDAYBUTALSORECORDSTHEIRINVENTIONSANDTHEIRPOSTHUMOUSTITLESALTHOUGHALOTOFSCHOLARSHAVEUSEDITINTHEIRCOMPOSITIONS，THERESEARCHOFTHEBOOKISNOTENOU曲MROISIHEANDMRWANGYUDEETALHAVEHADSOMECOMPOSITIONSABOUTTEXTUALRESEARCHOFITBESIDESMRCHENMENG『IAANDMRZHANGMENGLL／12ALSOHAVEBRIEFTREATISEOFITANDMRSANHAIBOHASCOMPILEDTHESECTIONSOFHABITATIONIN1930’S，WHICHISCREATIONARYNISTHESISMAINLYRESEARCHEDTHEORIGINOFTHEⅥ，CRLDWHICHHASTWOCHAPTERSTHEFIRSTCHAPTERISABOUTTHEALLTHORANDWHENANDHOWDOESTHEBOOKGOUND，ANDTHECOMPOSITIONSABOUTALLTHOR’SIDENTITYOFEACHSCHOLARTHETHESISAISOHASBRIEFLYDESCRIBEDHOWTOGOUNDFROMZHOUDYNASTYTOSONGDYNASTYANDYUANDYNASTYANDITHASAFORILLTHATMAKESANANALYSISTOCONTRASTTHEBOOKOFQINGDYNASTYNESECONDCHAPTERRESEARCHEDTHESECTIONSOFCREATIONITUSEDSIXKINDOF髓EORIGIN硝THEWOR腽ASREFERENCEANDITGAVENOTONLYTHEEXPLAININGOFINSTRUMENTSBUTALSOTHEREVISIONOFTHESENTENCESINAWOR出THISTHESJSOFFEREDALEGIBLETEXTFORTHE0THERSCHOLARSTOGOONRESEARCHINGTHEGREATBOOKKEYWORDSTHEORIGINOFWORMGOROUND；THESECTIONSOFCREA“ON；AUTHOREXPLAINOFINSTRUMENTII

简介：中文摘要’中文摘要卢斯是美国家喻户晓的媒介大亨，他曾对美国的对外政策产生重要影响。他同时也是一位出生在中国的美国传教士后代，童年在中国度过，这促使他日后格外关注中国。其中，他对中国的抗日战争给予了相对多的报道，他支持中国抗战立场的报道对中国抗战胜利起到了有力的宣传作用。同时，他对国共两党的报道存在明显的倾向性，因为他从不承认新闻的客观性，卢斯对待国共两大党的态度成为后人对其评价的重要内容。本文对卢斯的时代周刊有关中国抗战的报道进行了统计分析，并将他的报道分为三阶段，即亲蒋反共、对国民党坚持正面报道，对共产党较少负面报道和对国民党弊端的熟视无睹及反共到底。从报道的字里行间渗透着明显的倾向性，不全面、不平衡。这期间他与白修德在有关中国报道上的分歧成为表明其倾向性的典型事例。这种倾向性的产生与其价值观、他的“美国世纪”理想以及他反对共产主义的立场密不可分，影响着他对国共两党的报道方向。。通过对资料的整理和分析，本文得出结论抗日战争时期卢斯对华报道的倾向性是当今美国甚至是西方媒体提出的所谓“中国威胁论“的历史雏形；卢斯对华报道倾向性原因的产生显示了中美文化的巨大差异，如何处理跨文化的交流，这是当今国际传播需要重点解决的问题。关键词亨利卢斯；抗日战争；倾向性；美国世纪黑龙江大学硕士学位论文／／／／／／／I／／／／／IF了／I／／／4F／GU／／／／I／6／／I／／8／／／／／／3／／／LL／ABSTRACTLUCEISTHEHOUSEHOLDMEDIATYCOON；HEHASIMPORTANTINFLUENCETOAMERICANFOREIGNPOLICYLUEEISAMISSIONARYOFFSPRINGWHOWASBORNINCHINA；HISCHILDHOODWASSPENTINCHINATHEREFOREHEHASSOMEASPECIALEMOTIONTOCHINAANDHEUSEDHISNEWSREPORTSTOPAYATTENTIONTOITLUCEGAVEENORMOUSSUPPORTANDREPORTATTENTIONESPECIALLYFORANTIJAPANESEWARTHATSUPPORTEDCHINAANDAGAINSTJAPANESEITPLAYEDAPUBLICITYFUNCTIONTOTHEVICTORYOFTHEANTIJAPANESEWARHENEVERADMITTEDNEWSOBJECTIVITYANDHEDIDN’TTHINKTHAT’STHEREHISATTITUDETOTHETWOPOLITICPARTYTHATSUPPORTCHIANGANDAGAINSTCOMMUNISTWHICHBECAMEIMPORTANTCONTENTTOEVALUATEHIMLATERTHISPAPERSTATISTICANDANALYSISTUNEMAGAZINEABOUTCHINASANTIJAPANESEWARANALYSISTHEVARIOUSSTAGESREPORTPOLICYOFCHINASANTIJAPANESEWARABOUTTHETWOPARTYTHETHREESTAGESARESUPPORTCHIANGANDAGAINSTCOMMUNISTBALANCEANDIGNOREOF’CHIANGMALPRACTICETHESESHOWOBVIOUSTENDENTIOUSNESS，THEDIVERGENCEOFLUTEANDWHITEONCHINESENEWISTYPICALCASETHROUGHLUCE’SVALUES，HISAMERICANCENTURYANDAGAINSTCOMMUNISTTOEXPOUNDTHEREASONSTHATCAUSEDTHETENDENTIOUSNESSTHATINFLUENCETHEDIRECTIONONREPORTOFTHETWOPARTYTHROUGHTHECOLLECTIONANDANALYSISOFDATATHISPAPERCONCLUDEDLUEECHINAANTIJAPANESEWARINAMERICANTODAYREPORTEDTENDENTIOUSNESSISEVENTHEWESTERNMEDIA’SSOCALLED“CHINATHREAT’INTHEHISTORYOFSHAPELUEE’SREPORTSHOWSTHEHUGEDIFFERENCEBETWEENCHINAANDAMERICA；HOWTOHANDLECROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONTHISISTODAYSINTERNATIONALCOMMUNICATIONISIMPORTANTTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMKEYWORDSHENRYLUCE；ANTIJAPANESE；TENDENTIOUSNESS；AMERICANCENTURYⅡ一

简介：华中师范大学硕士学位论文从房舍第宅建筑变化看明代中后期世风迁演姓名蔡贞娣申请学位级别硕士专业历史文献学指导教师杨昶谭汉生20070605ABSTRACTCLOTHING，FOOD,HOUSINGANDTRANSPORTATIONARETHEFOURESSENTIALREQUIREMENTSOFPEOPLE．THEHOUSINGCULTURE，ENDOWEDWITHPECULIARCHARM，HASPLAYEDALLIMPORTANTROLEINTHEHISTORYOFCHINESECULTURE．DURINGTHEMINGANDQINGDYNASTY,THEDEVELOPMENTOFECONOMYHASALLOWEDTHEWIDEEXISTENCEOFQUANTITIESOFWEALTHYBUSINESSMENWHOTENDEDTOIMPROVETHEIRHOUSINGCONDITIONS，ENLARGETHEIRHOUSESANDEVENBUILDLOTSOFEXTRAVAGANTVILLAS．THETENDENCYOFTHESEBUSINESSMENHASGREATLYAFFECTEDTHEHOUSINGSTYLEOFSCHOLAR’SSTRATUMANDCOMMONPEOPLEWHOPREFERREDENLARGEDHOUSINGANDORNATEDECORATION．THISTHESISFOCUSESUPONTHEVARIATIONOFHOUSINGSTYLE，ITSDEVELOPINGPROCESSANDTHERESPONSEOFSCHOLAR’SSTRATUMTOTHEHOUSINGVARIATION，WHICHPROVIDESANEWANGLETOTHERESEARCH011VARIATIONSOFSOCIALLIVESANDCORRESPONDINGSOCIALMODEDURINGTHEMINGDYNASTY．THISTHESISATTEMPTSTOUNCOVERTHEUNDERNEATHSOCIALREASONBEHINDTHEVARIATIONOFHOUSINGSTYLEDURINGTHEMINGDYNASTYBYRESOLINGTOALARGENUMBEROFDOCUMENTS．THISTHESISCONSISTSOFFIVEPARTS．THEFIRSTPART，THEINTRODUCTION，PRESENTSACONCISESTATEMENTANDANALYSISOFLITERATUREREVIEWWHICHINVOLVESTHEDEFININGOFTHERESEARCHAREAANDRELEVANTCONCEPTS．THEFOLLOWINGFOURPARTSCONSTITUTETHEMAINBODYOFTHETHESIS．THESECONDPARTGIVESACONCISEINTRODUCTIONOFTHEHOUSINGREGULATIONSANDTHESOCIALMODEDURINGTHEEARLYMINGDYNASTYAND￡蠹EPERIODBEFORETHEMINGDYNASTY．THETHIRDPARTISCONCERNEDABOUTTHEVARIATIONOFHOUSINGSTYLEDURINGTHEMIDDLEANDLATEPERIODOFTHEMINDDYNASTY,THEFOURTHPARTMAINLYCONCELNSTHEINFLUENCEBROUGHTBYTHEHOUSINGVARIATION,INCLUDINGTHEIMPROVEMENTOFHOUSING,INSIDEFURNITUREANDSOCIALLIVINGSTYLECONCERNINGCLOTHING，FOOD，HOUSINGANDTRANSPORTATION,CTC。THELASTPARTFOCUSESUPONTHERESPONSEOFSCHOLAR’SSTRATUMTOTHEHOUSINGVARIATION．KEYWORDHOUSINGANDBUILDING；THEMIDDLEANDLATEPERIODOFTHEMINGDYNASTYEVOLUTIONOFSOCIALMODE；EXTRAVAGANTⅡ

简介：女性入史，自先就有之，史记、汉书中亦有属于女性的一席空间，但记载的都是些皇室贵胄，她们的出现，要么依附于父系家长，要不就是配合丈夫事迹，很难有一个真正的场域去表现自己。而刘向列女传的成书，不仅扩大了入传女性的选择范围，将闺秀民妇也纳入书中，而且把女性从寄附他者的传记划归出来，独立而书之，使妇女像男子一样，在史书中争得一席独立的表现权利。范晔是继刘向之后为妇女正位正名的又一人。范晔的后汉书，沿袭刘向列女列传的体例，在列传里增立列女传，使女性史在史学上第一次纳入正史的行列。统观历代官修正史，除一些短暂王朝外，都设有列女传，二十四史中即有十二史有列女传后汉书、晋书、魏书、北史、隋书、旧唐书、新唐书、宋史、辽史、金史、元史和明史。以上虽然皆名之为列女传，但随着两千年的社会变迁，其内容发生了很大变化。本文就将通过对正史列女传传主进行分类的方法，尝试从传主采择、编排的变化，分析归纳史家将女性入传的重点及其特点，以期一窥各朝列女传在内容编撰方面的承袭、发展与创新。本文以中华书局1997版历代正史列女传为底本进行考察研究，共分为五章第一章先用一节的内容对正史列女传的整体情况进行概说，第二、三节着重考察传主的出身及称谓。我国古代等级制度森严，不同等级、不同“出身”的人都有自己特定的名字或称谓。女性“出身”的差异性，决定了她们对社会、对家庭所尽的职责和义务不同，面临的境遇和挑战不同，应对的策略也不同。称谓则蕴含着特定的社会含义，承载着具有某种称呼的人在现实生活中的的身份、地位、血缘等极其复杂的社会和家庭关系。如此，传主的“出身”和其称谓就有着莫大的关联。第二章归纳总结传主的孝行与母仪，展现出在实现婚前为人女，婚后为人妻、为人媳，生子后为人母之角色入位的过程中，在“上以事宗庙，下以继后世”的婚姻观念的规约下，女传主们是如何对父母、舅姑的善事尽忠，怎样对子女进行言传身教的。第三章概括传主的才智与义举。在封建礼教的束缚和卫道士大夫的推崇下，在“女子无才便是德”的古训的教条规约下，载入史册的才智与义举类女性确实不多，但这些女性不仅有辨鉴识人、忠君报国、血酬圣主的思想觉悟，而且有舍己救人、奔赴国难的果敢和气度。第四章关注正史列女传传主自残、自虐、自裁类型。本章将通过正史列女传传主自残的方式、部位，自虐的方式以及自裁的手段、地点等方面的归纳，全面展现古代女性在无辜的情况下为了维护贞节，免于被奸污、被驱逐、被掳掠而进行的拼死反抗，以及面对战争频仍、盗贼作乱的灾难时，为了保全自己的节操而付出的惨痛代价。第五章研究发生在传主身上的神异现象。史家在记载常态下的孝行义举的同时，为何还参杂诸般“神异”现象，幕幕神奇夸张的“异象”的录入究竟有何用意，本章就以此为突破口，探明真正原因。

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简介：东北师范大学硕士学位论文梁启超与李普曼新闻传播思想比较及现实影响姓名孙巍申请学位级别硕士专业传播学指导教师何明20090501ABSTRACTLIANGCHICHAOANDWALTERLIPPMANNALEINTWODIFFERENTSOCIAL，CULTURAL，ANDHISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFTHENEWSMEDIAREPRESENTATIVEFIGURESTHEYARERELATEDTOPOLITICALLIFEISCLOSELYRELATEDTOTHEIRDIFFERENTCAPACITIESANDSOCIALPHILOSOPHYANDMISSIONOFTHEPRESS，ANDTHENEWSMEDIA，ANDTHEAUDIENCEANDSOONTOMAKEANINDEPTHRESEARCH，THEIRTHEORYOFJOURNALISMANDCOMMUNICATIONJOURNALISMANDCOMMUNICATIONINTHEWORLDHISTORYOFLANDMARKVALUEANDSIGNIFICANCELIANGCHICHAOISAFAMOUSMODEMCHINESEPOLITICALACTIVISTS，RECENTHISTORYOFOURCOUNTRYTOPRESSPOLITICIANSTOENGAGEINACTIVITIESINHISCAPACITYASTHEFIRSTLIANGCHICHAO，ASREFORMERSWHO，INTHEPROCESSOFSALVATIONPATRIOTICCONDUCTANIMPORTANTMEANSOFPROPAGANDAISTOENGAGEINPRESSACTIVITIESHEMADEFULLUSEOFPROPAGANDAANDTHEROLEOFNEWSPAPERS，MEDIAGUIDESTOGRASP，INTHEIREFFORTSTOPROMOTECHINA’SDEMOCRATIZATIONPROCESS，SOTHATCHINA’SJOURNALISMHASTOANEWSTAGELIANGCHICHAOTHEORYISTHEPARTYOFTHECHINESECOMMUNISTPARTYNEWSPAPERTHEORETICALBASISWALTERLIPPMANNISAPARTTIMEPOLITICIANS，THEPRESSISHISMAINEMPLOYMENTHEBELIEVESTHATPOLITICALISSUESHAVEASIGNIFICANTIMPACT，PEOPLECANLIVEMEANINGFUL，ANDTHOSEWITHSPECIALTALENTANDUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEPEOPLEHAVETHERESPONSIBILITYTODOITSUTMOSTTOILLUMINATETHEFUTURELIPPMANNHASAKEENSENSEOFOBSERVATION，INTHEFACEOFPROBLEMS，BOTHTHOUGHTFULANDCOOLHEADEDANALYSIS，THENCAMETOHISINSIGHTSLIANGCHICHAOANDLIPPMANNTHEORYINTHENEWSMEDIAWILLBETHECONSTRUCTIONOFPUBLICOPINIONANDPROPAGANDAASNEWSANDPUBLICOPINIONANIMPORTANTPARTOFTHINKINGINTHISARTICLEWEANALYZETHETHINKINGOFTHETWOMEDIAFORMING，INDEPTHCOMPARISONBETWEENTHETWOMEDIAIDEOLOGICALDIFFERENCES，TOEXPLORETHELIPPMANNLIANGCHICHAOANDTHEDISSEMINATIONOFINFORMATIONTHEORYANDTHECURRENTTHINKINGOFTHEIMPACTOFTHESPREADOFNEWSOFCHINATOSTUDYTHE”ENVIRONMENTALMIMICRY“OFTHEPARTYUNDERANDTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENFREEDOMOFTHEPRESSKEYWORDSLIANGCHICHAO；WALTERLIPPMANN；THINKINGOFJOURNALISMANDCOMMUNICATION；PRACTICALIMPACTTIL